Mengapa Benua Australia Memiliki Banyak Keunikan Flora dan Fauna? (2023)

Kompas.com - 20/01/2021, 18:34 WIB

Mengapa Benua Australia Memiliki Banyak Keunikan Flora dan Fauna? (1)

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Peta Australia dan Oseania(World Atlas)

(Video) Ciri-Ciri Fauna Australia dan Contohnya

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Penulis Silmi Nurul Utami

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Editor Nibras Nada Nailufar

KOMPAS.com - Australia memiliki banyak hewan unik yang tidak dimiliki oleh benua lain. Contohnya kanguru dan koala.

Dalam materi kali ini kita akan membahas penyebab keunikan flora dan fauna di Australia dan juga contoh dari flora dan fauna tersebut.

(Video) BENUA PALING KECIL YANG MENAKJUBKAN! Inilah Sejarah dan Fakta Menarik Benua Australia

Alasan Keunikan Flora dan Fauna Australia

Mengapa Benua Australia Memiliki Banyak Keunikan Flora dan Fauna? (7) Kompas.com/SILMI NURUL UTAMI Pemisahan daratan pada permukaan Bumi

Sekitar 250 juta tahun yang lalu Bumi terdiri dari satu benua besar yang tidak terpisahkan. 50 juta tahun setelahnya permukaan bumi mulai terpisah-pisah menjadi dua daratan yakni Laurasia dan Gondwana.

Gondwana adalah pecahan besar permukaan Bumi yang mencakup Australia, Amerika selatan, Afrika, India, dan Antartika.

Baca juga: Daftar Negara di Australia dan Oseania serta Ibu Kotanya

Gondwana kemudian berpisah-pisah sementara Antartika dan Australia masih menyatu. Dilansir dari Live Science, barulah pada 45 juta tahun yang lalu Antartika dan Australia terpisah dan Australia bergerak ke utara dengan kecepatan 3 sentimeter per tahunnya.

Dilansir dari World Wide Flora & Fauna Australia, setelah terpisah dari Antartika yang dingin, Australia mengalami perubahan iklim menjadi lebih hangat dan kering.

Hal ini menyebabkan isolasi geografis memaksa hewan dan tumbuhan berevolusi untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan lanskap baru Australia.

Evolusi dalam penyesuaian diri inilah yang membuat Australia memiliki hewan dan tumbuhan unik yang tidak dimiliki oleh benua lain.

Australia juga memiliki berbagai tumbuhan unik salah satunya adalah pinus Wollemi. Dilansir dari BBC, pinus Wollemi adalah spesies pohon zaman dinosaurus yang telah disangka punah namun ditemukan dikedalam hutan Australia berjumlah 100 pohon.

Dilansir dari World Wide Flora & Fauna Australia, Australia memiliki 140 spesies marsupial yang tidak dapat ditemukan di tempat lain. Kemudian 828 spesies burung yang setengahnya tidak dapat ditemukan di tempat lain, 140 spesies ular, 300 spesies kadal, dan 238 spesies mamalia.

Contoh marsupial adalah kanguru, koala, walabi, wombat, dan Tasmania devil, dan harimau Tasmania yang telah punah.

Mengapa Benua Australia Memiliki Banyak Keunikan Flora dan Fauna? (8)

Mengapa Benua Australia Memiliki Banyak Keunikan Flora dan Fauna? (9)

Mengapa Benua Australia Memiliki Banyak Keunikan Flora dan Fauna? (10)

Dapatkan update berita pilihan dan breaking news setiap hari dari Kompas.com. Mari bergabung di Grup Telegram "Kompas.com News Update", caranya klik link https://t.me/kompascomupdate, kemudian join. Anda harus install aplikasi Telegram terlebih dulu di ponsel.

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Sumber Live Science,BBC,World Wide Flora & Fauna Australia

(Video) KEADAAN ALAM AUSTRALIA

Tag

  • keunikan flora dan fauna benua australia
  • keanekaragaman hayati australia
Lihat Skola Selengkapnya
  • Angin Muson Asia-Australia: Proses dan Sistemnya
  • Respon Australia terhadap Kemerdekaan Indonesia
  • Bagaimana Kanguru Membersihkan Kantongnya?
  • Apa yang Akan Terjadi pada Hewan di Hutan yang Telah Dirusak Manusia?
  • Hewan Mamalia yang Menggunakan Sirip untuk Berenang
  • Manfaat Hewan bagi Lingkungan Sekitarnya

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document.querySelector('.wSpec-list').remove(); createDisplay(rand, thisObj._container, recResults, recHelperObj) .then(function() { toggleDropdown(); //observe lozad // lozad('.lozad', { // load: function(el) { // el.src = el.dataset.src; // el.onload = function() { // el.classList.add('fade') // } // } // }).observe() }) }) .catch(function(error) { console.log(`Unable to create recommendations widget ${error.stack} ${error.message}`); }); } } var limit_gtm_ready = 1; function check_gtm_ready() { if ('ga' in window) { // create a new instance of our widget based on the options const newW = new OneWidget(); newW.kickOff(); } else { const timeout_gtm_ready = setTimeout(check_gtm_ready, 500) limit_gtm_ready += 1; if (limit_gtm_ready > 10) { clearTimeout(timeout_gtm_ready); const newW = new OneWidget(); newW.kickOff(); } } } check_gtm_ready() document.querySelector('.wSpec-secret').addEventListener('click', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); let wSl = document.querySelectorAll('.wSpec-source'); if (wSl.length > 0) { for (let i = 0; i < wSl.length; i++) { wSl[i].classList.toggle('show') } } }) function trackEventGa(category, action, label) { if ("ga" in window) { ga(function() { tracker = ga.getAll()[0]; if (tracker) { tracker.send("event", category, action, label); console.log('track event ', category, action, label) } }) } } function trackMixpanel(domain, subs_type, is_lgn, is_load, time_load, engine){ // if(domain.indexOf("katanetizen") != -1){ // console.log(domain, subs_type, is_lgn, is_load, time_load, engine); mixpanel.track('AIML Widget Loaded', { 'Page Type': 'Read', 'Page Domain': domain, 'Page Subscription Type': subs_type, 'Login Status': is_lgn, 'Load Status': is_load, 'Load Time': time_load, 'Engine': engine, 'Widget Type': 'Article', }); console.log('track mix panel', 'AIML Widget Loaded', 'Read') let kmp_nm = getCookie('kmp_nm'); if(kmp_nm){ distinct_id = mixpanel.get_distinct_id(); mixpanel.identify(distinct_id); mixpanel.people.set({ '$name': atob(kmp_nm), 'Subscription Type': subs_type, }); console.log('track mix panel people', 'AIML Widget Loaded', 'Read') } // } } function formBody(obj) { let formBody = []; for (var property in obj) { let encodedKey = encodeURIComponent(property); let encodedValue = encodeURIComponent(obj[property]); formBody.push(encodedKey + "=" + encodedValue); } return formBody.join("&"); } function getCookie(name) { var name = name + '='; var cookies = decodeURIComponent(document.cookie).split(';'); for (var i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) { var c = cookies[i]; while (c.charAt(0) == ' ') { c = c.substring(1); } if (c.indexOf(name) == 0) { return c.substring(name.length, c.length); } } } function get_guid(url) { let arrayUrl = url.split('/'); let readPath = arrayUrl.indexOf('read'); if (arrayUrl[readPath + 1] == 'xml') { readPath += 1; } let year = arrayUrl[readPath + 1]; let month = arrayUrl[readPath + 2]; let date = arrayUrl[readPath + 3]; let id = arrayUrl[readPath + 4]; let guid = `.xml.${year}.${month}.${date}.${id}`; return guid; } function toggleDropdown() { let tdd = document.querySelectorAll('[data-dropdown]') if (!!tdd) { tdd.forEach((el) => { el.addEventListener('click', function() { el.parentElement.classList.toggle('-active') let saved = el.parentElement.getAttribute('data-saved') let kmps_usrid = getCookie('kmps_usrid'); if (kmps_usrid && !saved && el.parentElement.classList.contains('-active')) { let url = el.parentElement.getAttribute('data-url'); let guid = get_guid(url); check_bookmark( kmps_usrid, guid ).then(function(resp) { if (resp.hasOwnProperty('total_data')) { if (resp.total_data > 0) { el.parentElement.querySelector('.buttonBookmark').classList.add('-active'); el.parentElement.querySelector('.buttonBookmark').innerHTML = 'Hapus dari tersimpan'; el.parentElement.setAttribute('data-saved', 'true'); } else { el.parentElement.setAttribute('data-saved', 'false'); } } }) } }) document.addEventListener("click", function(e) { // console.log(e.target) if (el.contains(e.target)) { // console.log(tdd) } else { el.parentElement.classList.remove('-active') } }); }); } } function check_bookmark(kmps_usrid, guid) { let url = `https://api.kompas.com/2021/reaction/bookmark/list?kmps_usrid=${kmps_usrid}&guid=${guid}`; return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { var xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) { resolve(JSON.parse(this.responseText)) } }; xmlhttp.open("GET", url, true); xmlhttp.send(); }); } function do_bookmark(pageurl, pos, userFeedback) { const wSpecItem = document.querySelector(`.wSpec-item[data-index="${pos}"]`); const btnBookmark = wSpecItem.querySelector('.buttonBookmark'); const kmps_usrid = getCookie('kmps_usrid'); const guid = get_guid(pageurl); if (kmps_usrid) { if (btnBookmark.classList.contains('-active')) { set_unbookmark({ guid: guid, kmps_usrid: kmps_usrid, type: 'article' }).then(function(resp) { btnBookmark.classList.remove('-active'); btnBookmark.innerHTML = 'Simpan artikel'; reactionToast('Artikel berhasil dihapus dari list yang disimpan'); userFeedback.event('un-save'); }).catch(function(resp) { // message: "Data doesn't exists" if (resp.hasOwnProperty('message') && resp.message.includes('exist')) { btnBookmark.classList.remove('-active'); btnBookmark.innerHTML = 'Simpan artikel'; reactionToast('Artikel berhasil dihapus dari list yang disimpan'); } }) } else { const user_bookmark_url = "https://activity.kompas.com/saved?order=desc"; set_bookmark({ guid: guid, kmps_usrid: kmps_usrid, type: 'article', publisher: 'kompas', platform: 'desktop' }).then(function(resp) { btnBookmark.classList.add('-active'); btnBookmark.innerHTML = 'Hapus dari tersimpan'; reactionToast('Artikel berhasil disimpan', user_bookmark_url); userFeedback.event('save'); }).catch(function(resp) { // message: "Data already exist" if (resp.hasOwnProperty('message') && resp.message.includes('exist')) { btnBookmark.classList.add('-active'); btnBookmark.innerHTML = 'Hapus dari tersimpan'; reactionToast('Artikel berhasil disimpan', user_bookmark_url); } }) } } else { const login_url = "https://account.kompas.com/login/a29tcGFz/" + btoa(window.location.href); window.location.href = login_url; } } function set_bookmark(data) { const url = "https://api.kompas.com/2021/reaction/bookmark/add"; return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { const xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 201) { resolve(JSON.parse(this.responseText)); } else if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 400) { reject(JSON.parse(this.responseText)); } }; xmlhttp.open("POST", url, true); xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8"); xmlhttp.send(formBody(data)); }); } function set_unbookmark(data) { const url = "https://api.kompas.com/2021/reaction/bookmark/delete"; return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { const xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) { resolve(JSON.parse(this.responseText)); } else if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 400) { reject(JSON.parse(this.responseText)); } }; xmlhttp.open("POST", url, true); xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8"); xmlhttp.send(formBody(data)); }); } class UserFeedback { constructor(engine, pageurl, jxRecHelper, pos) { this.engine = engine; this.pageurl = pageurl; this.jxRecHelper = jxRecHelper; this.pos = pos; } event(feedback) { if (this.engine == 'C') { const xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); let params = { domain: 'kompas.com', ce_userid: getCookie('kmps_usrid'), ce_sessionid: getCookie('ukid'), ce_pageurl: this.pageurl, engine: 'C', ce_feedback: feedback } xmlhttp.open("GET", 'https://apis.kgdata.dev/v1/aiml/feedback-widgetml' + formatParams(params)); xmlhttp.send(); } else if (this.engine == 'V') { if (feedback == 'share') { this.jxRecHelper.shared(this.pos); } else if (feedback == 'save') { this.jxRecHelper.bookmarked(this.pos); } else if (feedback == 'not-interested') { this.jxRecHelper.hidden(this.pos); } else if (feedback == 'un-not-interested') { this.jxRecHelper.unhidden(this.pos); } } } } function formatParams(params) { return "?" + Object .keys(params) .map(function(key) { return key + "=" + encodeURIComponent(params[key]) }) .join("&") }

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